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Short History of the Thermodynamics

In 1824: N.L.S. Carnot publishes " considerations about the moving strength of the fire and about the Development of this strength to suitable machines". Carnot generates the following concepts:

  • 'Perfect machine'
  • 'Reversibler cyclic process'
  • 'Preservation of energy '

 

In 1845: J.R.Mayer defines the "sentence of the preservation of the energy" and describes the equivalence of work and warmth (1-st main clause of the thermodynamics).

 

In 1848: J.P. Joule experiments to the 1-st main clause of the thermodynamics.

 

In 1850: R. Clausius defines the concept of Entropy and formulates the 1st and 2-nd main clause of the thermodynamics.

 

In 1848: W. Thomson (Lord Kelvin) recognizes the existence of a universal temperature scale.

 

End of 19. Cent.: J.W.Gibbs discovers the phase rule, introduces chemical potentials and puts up general-valid criteria for the thermal balance.

Beginning of 20. Cent.: G.H.Bryan points to the internal energy as the essential size to the representation of the 1-st main clause.